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1.溫升試驗變壓器類型廠商基本介(jie)紹

電氣設備出廠、交(jiao)接或(huo)大(da)修后，應(ying)當進行交(jiao)流(liu)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗，實(shi)際考核(he)設備絕緣承(cheng)受過電壓(ya)的(de)絕緣水(shui)平。所以無(wu)論在制(zhi)造部(bu)門(men)、運(yun)行部(bu)門(men)的(de)高壓(ya)實(shi)驗室或(huo)試(shi)驗現場，應(ying)設有交(jiao)流(liu)耐壓(ya)設備。

高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)簡稱為(wei)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)一般為(wei)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。這種試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)利用其二次側所感(gan)應的工(gong)頻高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，對各種電工(gong)產品和絕緣材料(liao)等進行絕緣性能試驗(yan)(yan)。

試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)是電(dian)機、變壓器(qi)、電(dian)器(qi)產品修造中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)少(shao)的(de)(de)一(yi)種耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)電(dian)氣設備(bei)。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓特(te)點器(qi)主(zhu)要用(yong)于電(dian)氣產品的(de)(de)工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、局部放電(dian)測量(liang)(liang)、絕緣介質的(de)(de)熱穩定試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等；對中(zhong)、高(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)氣設備(bei)還可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)特(te)殊頻(pin)率的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)進行耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及有關(guan)電(dian)氣參數(shu)的(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)。

試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)一(yi)、二次繞組具(ju)有很大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比，一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)0.4kV、3kV、6kV、10kV不等，二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)制成(cheng)100～2000kV或更高，容量可(ke)為(wei)(wei)3～9000kVA。對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)備現場試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，一(yi)般用(yong)輕型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)；對6kV、10kV級(ji)(ji)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)備的(de)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)50kV級(ji)(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)；對35kV以(yi)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)(ji)的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)備的(de)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)大于被試(shi)(shi)設(she)備一(yi)次額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)5倍以(yi)上的(de)超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，如500kV、700kV、800kV級(ji)(ji)和(he)一(yi)定容量級(ji)(ji)的(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。

試驗變壓器和電力變壓器的原理相同，所不同的是試驗變壓器的工作電壓高、使用時間短、溫升小，一般設有散熱器。另外，試驗變壓器的負載較小，且多為電容性負載。試驗變壓器的容量比電力變壓器的容量相對的要小。

2.溫升試驗變壓器類型廠商特(te)點

1)電(dian)壓高：試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)壓為220V或380V，但(dan)單(dan)臺(tai)試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)二次(ci)電(dian)壓則常(chang)達(da)數(shu)千伏至(zhi)數(shu)萬伏。二次(ci)電(dian)壓超(chao)過(guo)750kV的試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)，通常(chang)采用(yong)多臺(tai)串(chuan)級式結構。

2)電(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)：試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的額定電(dian)(dian)流實際上(shang)是被試品(pin)的電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)流，所以一般小(xiao)于1A。但用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)纜和大型電(dian)(dian)機試驗(yan)(yan)、外絕緣(yuan)污(wu)穢試驗(yan)(yan)、線路電(dian)(dian)暈試驗(yan)(yan)等項目的試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，二次電(dian)(dian)流可(ke)達數安。

3)工作(zuo)時(shi)間短：因被試(shi)產品的耐壓時(shi)間短，所以試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器除了用于外絕緣污穢(hui)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、線路電暈試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、電纜試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)外，一般均為0.5h或1h的短時(shi)工作(zuo)制(zhi)。

4)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器一般為單相、戶內裝置（也有(you)做(zuo)成(cheng)戶外裝置的）：均為油浸自冷式結構，繞組絕緣層較厚，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組通常一端接(jie)地。

5)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的二次繞組首末端(duan)絕緣水平不同：首端(duan)為高電位，而(er)末端(duan)直接(jie)接(jie)地或通過電流表接(jie)地。

6)設計和制造工藝要求高：由于工作電壓高，絕緣結構對試驗變壓器的整體尺寸有決定性的影響。器身一般要求真空干燥，100kV以上要求真空注油。

3.分類

1)從(cong)結構(gou)上分(fen)，有鐵殼式(shi)與絕(jue)緣外殼式(shi)試驗變壓器。

2)從電源頻(pin)率上(shang)分，有(you)工頻(pin)、倍頻(pin)、中頻(pin)及高頻(pin)幾種頻(pin)率級試驗變壓器。

3)按電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)可分(fen)為低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)超(chao)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器。

4)按使(shi)用形式可分為輕型(xing)移動式及固定(ding)式；又(you)有(you)單臺使(shi)用及兩臺或多臺串級使(shi)用試驗變壓(ya)器等。

試(shi)驗變壓器一般為(wei)單相、戶內裝置，均為(wei)油浸自冷式結(jie)構(gou)。因為(wei)它的工作電(dian)壓高(gao)(gao)，所(suo)以其繞組絕(jue)緣層較厚(hou)，而且高(gao)(gao)壓繞組一端接地。

試驗變壓器(qi)的具體結(jie)構型式，一(yi)般有單套管式、雙套管式及(ji)絕緣筒式三種。

技術要求(qiu)

①輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)波(bo)形。試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)波(bo)形應盡量(liang)接(jie)近正弦波(bo)。為了減少由于空載電流的(de)諧(xie)波(bo)分量(liang)通過調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)和變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)阻抗后，產生諧(xie)波(bo)電壓(ya)(ya)而引起電壓(ya)(ya)波(bo)形畸變(bian)，磁通密度應選在(zai)鐵心(xin)磁化曲線的(de)直(zhi)線段；同時要(yao)選用(yong)波(bo)形畸變(bian)小的(de)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)設(she)備，必要(yao)時可加設(she)濾波(bo)裝置(zhi)。

②阻(zu)抗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的二(er)次電(dian)流一般為容(rong)性電(dian)流，當二(er)次電(dian)流流經(jing)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)和試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的阻(zu)抗時，將導致輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超過由電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比所(suo)確定的數值，所(suo)以試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的阻(zu)抗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)宜(yi)太(tai)(tai)大，否則(ze)可能影響測(ce)試(shi)(shi)結果(guo)的準確性，同時還會(hui)降(jiang)低(di)試(shi)(shi)驗設備的短路容(rong)量。但(dan)如阻(zu)抗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)太(tai)(tai)小，被試(shi)(shi)品擊穿或閃絡時，短路電(dian)流可能增大。單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的阻(zu)抗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一般為4.5~10%，組成多(duo)臺串級時，則(ze)可達30~40%。